American-Turkish relations from peak to slope... Syria closes ways of pacification-2

American-Turkish relations from peak to slope... Syria closes ways of pacification-2
The AKP integrated the approach of the radical Muslim Brotherhood with the racist nationalist approach of the new Ottoman in its movement within countries that have experienced internal revolutions and crises causing a great rift in the Turkish foreign policy and a crisis of the situation within Turkey, thus its relations with America and the west ended up in  interruption because of its troubles in the service of the Russian-Iranian alliance to hope to get crumbs from the crises and hit the Kurd.

Turkey is drowning militarily, politically and economically after entering the Syrian swamp.

ALAN ROJ / NEWS DESK

Through the second part of this dossier entitled American-Turkish relations from the peak to the slope... and Syria is closing the ways of pacification, we will provide information on American-Turkish relations in light of the changes in countries that witnessed the Spring of the Peoples and how Turkey pushed itself in the region carrying its new line In support of the organization of the Muslim Brotherhood and the radical movement of its interests in addition to carrying the slogan of the new Ottoman in its political speech to expand its influence and the occupation of neighboring countries without reference to one and take the interests of others into account.

Egypt is the start point to deepen the US-Turkish dispute on the Arab map

Taming to the Muslim Brotherhood in Arab countries by Turkey and its blocs in western countries and supporting them and making Ankara and Istanbul the center of their movements since 2003 has returned to the beginning with significant results, including bringing this organization to power in Tunisia and opening the way for Turkish influence in Africa and the Arabic West.

It also brought it to power in Egypt to be the most important point of gravity for Turkey in the Arab countries and North Africa and its sea, with Egypt's importance and influence in the two regions in a significant way, increasing the danger more to the interests of the regional and global strategic countries in the region, but the Turkish dream did not last long, in Egypt, the rule of the Muslim Brotherhood was overthrown and they were imprisoned, and the arrival of a secular leadership led to the rule of Egypt far from Ottoman dreams.

With the arrival of Sisi to power, an agreement was reached with Cyprus and Greece to demarcate the maritime border between the two countries to benefit from the natural resources in the economic zone in 2013 with the European and American support and satisfaction, to start a new crisis accompanied by interruptions and accusations between the two sides. Turkey accused the west and America of being behind Egyptian attitudes and movements.

The continuation of the Iraq crisis has caused a divergence between the two parties

As we mentioned earlier, Turkey closed its doors in the face of America when it entered Iraq, but this crisis continued even after a decade and America has pursued a policy of laxity with Turkey, despite the alignment of each of them in two conflicting sides inside Iraq.

Turkey from the beginning expressed its fear of a Kurdish entity on its borders and fears more than a federal system in areas close to it, where its dictatorship threatens the people, especially the Kurds and Christians, but America supported such steps in Iraq and southern Kurdistan to some point in the beginning, but the Kurdistan region has turned on it and began to deal with Turkey, bypassing Baghdad and American agreements in recent times, which did not satisfy the west at all, that was evident in the process of the last referendum.  

The American and Turkish support in the 2010 Iraqi elections were divided into two separate parties. Turkey was not satisfied with the Turkish deal with the Sunni blocs in Iraq, especially Mosul, to the extent that the latter refused to enter the international coalition against IS in Iraq after America's call.

The Syrian crisis is closing the ways of pacification and the relations of the two countries are heading to downhill.

With the revolution of the Syrian people on March 15, 2011 and the pace of popular action in other countries which  took great global and international attention, especially Turkey and America, because they have great strategic interest in the region because Syria has strategic position.

As the crisis in Syria continues to turn into a conflict, Turkey's pro-Sunni stance to control the government appears to be a substitute for Assad. Erdogan's speech on reform in Syria changed and wanted al-Assad and his government to be out of the power in Syria.

However, America, despite its rejection of Assad's policies and trends, the government of Barack Obama favored the survival of Assad on the alternative of Sunni Islam supported by Turkey, and America and the west saw Sunni Islam as an undesirable alternative and will pose a danger to non-Sunni Syrian components, along with the Kurds as a third party in the Syrian field which Turkey considers it the greatest threat to its country.

Kobanî Battle and the instability of the relationship between the two countries

After the situation worsened, the conflict intensified in the Syrian arena, and with the caliphate’s announcement of terrorist Daesh organization and expansion of its areas of influence with clear Qatari Turkish support. The west and America was concerned more. Turkey threatens them with refugees and global terrorism if they do not support its plans in the east, especially in Iraq and Syria.

It was necessary for the west to put an end to the Turkish exploitation and there was no power other than the Kurds fighting terrorism in Syria and Iraq; to strengthen their influence to protect their interests in the region. The western movement began a new alliance on terrorism led by the United States of America in the historic battle of Kobanî, the only and effective forces in the elimination of global terrorism in the region and deter it from expansion.

There, in Kobanî, the two countries were divided in regard to sources of support. America supported the People and Women's Protection Units, Turkey in turn, supported IS and refused to enter the international coalition against it under pretexts and conditions that were blatant to all.

This American support for the Kurds has become a strategic alliance between the Syrian Democratic Forces and the United States to fight terrorism in Syria and end its threat to the region, Europe and America. The Turkish-American relationship is further aggravated  where Turkey accused America of supporting terrorism in Syria.

In Syria ... Turkey is registered in NATO lists and plays in the Russian arena

It is clear that during the last two years of the Syrian crisis, the Turkish-Russian-Iranian rapprochement was the most frightening move of the United States, because of Turkey's concessions and the conclusion of deals at the regional and international levels with those parties at the expense of armed factions, mostly supported by the west  and the armed terrorist organizations backed by Turkey.

With this tripartite meeting, Iran was allowed to expand in Syria and Iraq and strengthened the control of the Syrian regime backed by Russia, with western and American interests in the region striking it with disquiet and disunity among NATO ranks that accompanied Russia's exploitation of Turkey in Syria as a player on Ankara’s Kurds phobia of which responded by the US State Department, which said "we urge Turkey not to converge with the Eurasian bloc at the expense of NATO."

Turkey began to threaten to buy the Russian S-400 system and to participate with Iran and Russia in convening the Astana and Sochi conferences to empty Geneva over Syria as it entered a political and media war and a ground military parade against America and its allies in Manbij, northern Syria.

These differences and other events have led the two countries to the point of disconnection and closure of the ways of calm between them, to the degree of threat and the imposition of the United States sanctions on some of Erdogan's ministers with the undermining of the Turkish elections and the cancellation of visas between the two countries and the imposition of custom tariffs, making Turkey's political confusion in achieving dreams its predecessors into a tragic situation internally and externally and become an undesirable state in the European and American countries.

A.H

ANHA 

American-Turkish relations from peak to slope... Syria closed ways of pacification-1

The American-Turkish relations are witnessing unprecedented instability in recent times. They have reached the point of interruption, imposing taxes and sanctions on each other, canceling travel visas temporarily, and working at the other end far from the alliance in which the two forces were comprised under, where these conflicts, interruptions and instability in relations have causes and accumulation since 15  years ago ending up in a stalemate.

ALAN ROJ / NEWS DESK

In this dossier about the American-Turkish relations which consists of 2 parts , we will open pages on the history of relations between the two countries and their clash in matters related to the region, especially after the emergence of the Spring of Peoples in the region and the situation in both Syria and Iraq and the danger of Iranian influence in the region and its nuclear issue. As well as the Kurdish cause that Turkey focuses on in its hostility to the Kurdish people in every forum, decision and international action.

Stations in the history of American- Turkish relations

The relations between the two countries date back to the 18th century during the Ottoman Empire, where communication was limited to the means of investment, railway and mineral exploration, as well as the activation of communication between them.

During the First World War, in which America took a neutral position at the beginning, it announced the entry of the war alongside the Allied front against Germany and Austria, but this declaration did not include the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria, which were part of the alliance center with Germany, but America maintained its alliance and tried to hold individual peace with them.

Their  alliance continued after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the entry into the republic stage led by Ataturk, where it held several agreements and the text of laws of lending and leasing by the United States under which it provided military, industrial and food aids to Turkey in financial costs during the Second World War and after according to the common interests in the deterrence of the threats of the Soviet Union.

Turkey was a strategic point of concentration and containment of the western powers against the Soviet Union and an impenetrable blockade against the communist threat during the cold war. The relationship between the two countries was Turkey's dependence on western policies more than the alliance at first, and later it joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1952 as a stronger guarantee to play the role of political, military and intelligence partnership in NATO related matter.

Despite the diplomatic crisis that took place between the two countries on the question of the Cuban missiles in 1962 and the Cyprus crisis in 1964, and the violations of the Turkish state outside the NATO squadron during the military intervention in Cyprus in 1974, which led to the imposition of a ban on the sale of arms to Turkey, it was rebalanced in the interest of the west to keep it and its need for it in its strategy in west Asia and the Middle East in general.

Turkey has always benefited from western trends in the region. Following the change in Iran, the arrival of the Islamists to power and the invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviets in the late 1970s, military and economic agreements were signed between Turkey and the west in 1980, and Turkey managed to get a huge military arsenal.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, US-Turkish relations entered a new turning point. America sought to develop this relationship into a political and economic strategy. America saw that Turkey could serve its interests and play a central role in the Middle East.

Turkey realized that such transformation would not take place without strengthening relations with Israel and its Jewish organizations in America and Britain. Therefore, it developed its relations with Israel, particularly in the economic and intelligence domains, especially in striking the resistance movements in Arab countries and the occupied Kurdish areas.in addition, Turkey communicated with Jewish associations in the west and strengthened relations with them. 

The relationship between the two countries since the Cold War until the end of the nineties was at its peak in terms of military, intelligence and economic interests, and Turkey was well connected with the West without thinking about expanding its influence or moving in any cause without reference to NATO as well as Turkey's dependence on the West Military level to a certain extent because of their common enemies and interests at the time.

Regression stage and tension of the relations

With the arrival of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2002, in the period of President George W. Bush, relations between the two countries have been strained by Erdogan's arrogance, independence, and expansion of influence under the "New Ottoman" project aiming at a radical change in their foreign policies, without giving any importance or caution to the clash with the dominant regional or global countries, or to reach a consensus with them, in order to be alone in its movement in the region.

The first of these tensions were when Turkey refused America's demand to use airspace and territory of Turkey to enter Iraq to overthrow the rule of the dictator Saddam, which was met with negligence and departure by the US administration and deepened the dispute between the parties.

Followed by a visit of Erdogan to Damascus in 2004 and his confirmation of the lack of support for international pressure, led by Washington against Syria for the withdrawal of the last of its troops from Lebanon, which angered Washington and increased the instability of relations between the two countries. He has also played both sides in the Palestinian-Israeli crisis to intensify social polarization at home and Arab countries and strengthening trade and intelligence relations with Israel.

As Erdogan continued to pursue this policy, he began to target points that are considered a link with the United States . He went to approach Iran and rejected the sanctions imposed by the United States against Iran,  strengthening its relationship with Iran in the security, economic, trade and investment in energy.

Erdogan went further in forming relations away from the NATO squadron dealing with the west and America, where he strengthened relations with Russia, America’s rival in the region, in terms of military cooperation in the Eurasian continent, and strengthening economic and trade relations between them with the opening of the "Blue Stream" pipeline accompanied by successive and mutual visits between Erdogan and Putin and their ministers to the two countries.

The rapprochement between the two sides has worried the western side and America because Turkey has opened the door to Russian influence in the East and Caucasus region and hit the sanctions of the west and America, which aim to block Russian influence and siege during the first decade of the AKP's receiving power in Turkey.

Through the Turkish government's approach with the arrival of Erdogan's party to power, it is clear that the fundamental change in Turkish policy today is to make the relationship with the west according to its interests in the east and its maritime environment and its international roads and straits without realizing the existence of the interests and strategic goals of those countries, led by America in the region.

It also cut the hope of joining the European Union because of its observations and reservations on Turkey that the latter cannot overcome or solve, such as its occupation of the island of Cyprus and the crisis with Greece on the issue of international water, and the issue of Kurds, Armenians, Syriacs and Assyrians in the country, against the peoples of Turkey and occupied Kurdistan.

Tomorrow: The relations reached stalemate after  Spring of Peoples, the Syrian crisis.

A.H

ANHA